China's navy has potentially ominous intentions

NEWPORT, R.I. — Scholars at the Naval War College here probably nodded in vigorous agreement with a recent lecture delivered at another military institution 130 miles away. Speaking at West Point to leaders of tomorrow's Army, Defense Secretary Robert Gates said "any future defense secretary who advises the president to again send a big American land army into Asia or into the Middle East or Africa should 'have his head examined,' as General MacArthur so delicately put it." This underscored Gates' point that "the most plausible, high-end scenarios for the U.S. military are primarily naval and air engagements — whether in Asia, the Persian Gulf, or elsewhere."

Here at this 127-year old college, where the American practice of war-gaming began in 1887, the faculty members are professional worriers, especially about Asia, meaning China. Its naval doctrines, procurements and deployments invite inferences about its geopolitical intentions. Faculty members were interested that when Libya descended into chaos, China sent a frigate through the Suez Canal to be in position to assist Chinese nationals in distress. This was the first time the People's Republic had positioned a high-end combatant ship for a possible evacuation.

From such scraps of evidence, scholars here try to solve a high-stakes puzzle involving a decades-long process of designing and building ships: How should the U.S. Navy be configured for a world in which China's maritime capabilities and intentions will be ... what?

These scholars note that America has not always been good at predicting its next adversary. In Iraq and Afghanistan, soldiers have ruefully said, "This isn't what we gamed." But for 22 years before Pearl Harbor, war games successfully anticipated the nature of a war with Japan — from amphibious attacks to capture islands for bases, to floating dry docks.

Before the gaming, the assumption of America's battleship-centric Navy was that it would steam west and fight something like the Battle of Jutland, the World War I engagement of the British and German fleets. After the gaming and the war, Adm. Chester Nimitz, commander of the Pacific fleet and U.S. signatory at Japan's surrender on the battleship Missouri, said kamikaze attacks were the Pacific theater's only major surprise.

The Chinese, too, have studied World War II and, according to some here at the college, have concluded that Japan's experience should be pertinent to China's planning. Japan was defeated by sea and air blockades plus the threat of invasion. As one person here puts it, America assured its victory when it controlled the Luzon Strait, a choke point between the Philippines and Taiwan.