Study shows US refineries have bad safety record

WASHINGTON (AP) — U.S. oil refineries have an ongoing problem with accidents that turn deadly, losing four times as much money from such incidents than refineries in the rest of the world, according to an insurance company report obtained Friday by The Associated Press.

The problem is highlighted by a deadly string of explosions, including one that killed four people Friday at a Tesoro Corp. refinery in Washington state, federal officials said.

The federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration got so worried that in 2007 it started a major push for safety inspection in refineries and found more than 1,000 workplace violations in the industry.

"If the aviation industry were having the same number of significant serious accidents as the refinery industry was having you probably wouldn't see people flying too much," Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board chairman John Bresland told The Associated Press Friday.

The internal insurance report, given to federal safety regulators two years ago but never publicized, was all too familiar to Bresland's agency, which said Friday's deadly explosion revives concerns there's something terribly wrong with the industry.

The board, which makes nonbinding recommendations, oversees investigations on accidents in 150 refineries in the United States and tens of thousands of chemical plants. But about half of the outstanding investigations are of accidents at refineries, officials said.

The cause of Friday's blast at the Tesoro refinery in Anacortes, about 70 miles north of Seattle on Puget Sound, was under investigation. The blaze started during maintenance work on a unit that processes highly flammable liquid derived during the refining process, the company said.

Six investigators with the chemical safety board were dispatched to the scene. Tesoro, based in San Antonio, was fined $85,700 last April for 17 serious safety and health violations at the plant.

In November, the state reached a settlement with Tesoro, requiring in part that the company correct the hazards and hire a third-party consultant to do a safety audit. The settlement reduced the total penalty to $12,250 and lowered the number of violations to three.

Jeff Haffner, associate general counsel for Tesoro, said the company is investigating the blast and has been working to correct the problems found.

It was the largest fatal refinery accident since a 2005 explosion at a BP American refinery in Texas killed 15 people and injured another 170.

Officials at the National Petrochemical & Refiners Association said their industry is not only safe, it has a better safety record than the U.S. manufacturing sector as a whole.

The industry is "one of the leaders" in safety, said Charlie Drevna, the association's president and actually has a lower rate of injuries per workers than the manufacturing industry as a whole.

Officials from the chemical safety board and OSHA said that comparison missed the point because it is based on routine slips and falls and not the big accidents from poor safety processes that lead to deaths.

That Texas refinery had a low injury rate, but people were killed "because they didn't properly maintain their equipment," said David Michaels, OSHA chief and deputy assistant secretary of labor.

"We think this continues to be a very serious concern, a very serious issue in the petroleum industry," Michaels said late Friday in a telephone conference. "We're trying to prevent more tragedies."

Last month, an explosion at a New Mexico refinery killed two people, putting the refinery death toll since January 2008 at least 10. Refinery accidents have killed four people in Texas since January 2008.

Insurance giant Swiss Re gave the chemical safety board the report warning of problems two years ago. It looked at the losses per refinery and per amount of oil refined and found that those in America were "significantly higher" than the rest of the world.

"We believe the difference is due to the operational hazard," the Swiss Re report said, saying U.S. plants are "pushing the operating envelope."

On the Net: The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board: www.csb.gov; Occupational Safety and Health Administration: www.osha.gov