"I don't have an answer now. We do have good disclosure of campaign finance in Salt Lake City. But we need to improve how we finance campaigns. It needs reform and I'll look at," Becker said. The city already has an ordinance on a volunteer limit in mayoral races, but the number is so low no candidates choose to limit their campaign spending.

Buhler said his fund-raising goal was $400,000 to $500,000, and he met that amount. He doesn't know if campaigns can be made less expensive. "It is what it is," he said. He's proud that he had more than 700 contributors, even though he didn't have the number of $7,500 donors (the individual limit) that some of the other mayoral candidates did.

"I spent quite a bit of time asking for money. For the big donors, you have to go and meet them. That's just the way it is, and I got used to it," Buhler said.

In many areas of life, technology has greatly cut costs. But that hasn't been seen in campaigning. True, campaigns can do a lot on the Web. But much of that seems to be better bells and whistles, another way to communicate with just one section of the electorate.

As proven by both sides of the voucher issue, and in the mayor's race, one still needs to spend big bucks on TV and radio ads. There were so many voucher ads on commercial and cable TV one couldn't watch an evening's worth of the tube without seeing at least one.

And while Buhler had a truly innovative, interactive Web site, neither it nor traditional campaigning seemed to help him in the end.

Voucher advocates' spending also didn't pan out. But Parents for Choice in Education spokeswoman Leah Barker has no regrets.

"If we're able to create any awareness or awakening in our communities that things ... are not good, status quo is not working," Barker said, "this investment was worth every cent."

Still, the $4 million pro-voucher groups spent could have sent 4,858 low-income kids to private schools on scholarships through Children First Utah, of which Barker also is executive director. That's 13 years' worth of scholarships at the rate they're being awarded now or, if the waiting list was taken care of, about four years' worth of aid to all applying, according to numbers supplied by the organization. This year, Children First Utah could afford just 368 scholarships at an average $1,647 per child; more than 1,000 applied for aid.

"That's still a temporary solution," Barker said. "We were trying (with the $4 million campaign) to create a permanent solution to a problem. Can we put a human cost on the failed education of a child?"

Likewise, the money also could have been spent in public schools, including funding the state's gifted programs for two years or even building a small elementary school.

"I would have loved to see it spent in our schools, because we need it," said Elaine Tzourtzouklis, director of Wasatch UniServ, a Salt Lake-Murray-Tooele regional arm of the Utah Education Association. The UEA and other anti-voucher groups say the reform measure will drain money from public schools.

But "had we not spent this money (the $3.5 million in the anti-voucher campaign ), we may not have gotten the results that we did," Tzourtzouklis said.

Indeed, all sides acknowledge $8 million is a lot of money.

But here's some perspective: $8 million wouldn't even cover a half day's worth of school in Utah.

The state alone spends nearly $17 million a day on public schools.

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E-mail: bbjr@desnews.com; jtcook@desnews.com