Shoshone timeline

1810: Approximate time fur traders move into Shoshone territory.

1856: Mormon settlers first come to Cache Valley, the heart of traditional Northwestern Shoshone lands.

1863: On Jan. 29, Col. Patrick Connor and about 200 U.S. Army volunteers from California attack a Shoshone winter village 12 miles northwest of Franklin (now in Idaho). Between 250-300 Shoshone men, women and children are slain. On July 30, the Treaty of Box Elder is signed, "re-establishing friendly and amicable relations" between the United States and Shoshones.

1875: Spring — more than 600 Shoshone Indians baptized into LDS Church.

1875: Summer — the first permanent home is established near Corinne, Utah. By late summer, non-LDS settlers of Corinne call on the U.S. Army to force the Shoshone to leave the area.

1876: Using the Homestead Act, Isaac Zundel, a local Mormon, helps many Shoshone acquire land near Elwood, Utah.

1880: The Shoshone move to the LDS Cooperative Farm, located near Portage, Utah, some 20 miles south of Malad, Idaho. They name the settlement Washakie after a well-respected Shoshone leader.

1882: The Washakie Day School is founded. Among the lessons taught is English. Most students only attend through the 3rd grade.

1924: Under the Indian Citizenship Act, all American Indians born in the United States receive citizenship.

1942: Many Shoshone leave Washakie to work World War II support jobs in Ogden or to join the military.

1960s: Many of the remaining homes in Washakie, which appear to be abandoned, are burned down in preparation for the 1972 sale of the LDS Church-owned farm.

1984: The LDS Church gives the Northwestern Shoshone 184 acres in the vicinity of Washakie to enable them to receive government aid and to have title to the cemetery where many of their family members are buried.

1987: The Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation is federally recognized as a distinct tribe.

1988: The Northwestern Band adopts a new constitution, reaffirming its rights and powers as a federally recognized tribe.