School standards vary widely

WASHINGTON — A reading score that rates a fourth-grader "proficient" in Mississippi would be failing in Massachusetts, an example of state-to-state variations likely to fuel debate about a need for more uniform national standards.

An Education Department report on Thursday compared what it takes to be rated proficient on elementary- and middle-school state reading and math tests to what it means to hit that mark on national tests. The state tests are a key measure for enforcement of the federal No Child Left Behind law.

The report found that most of the scores that would label a student proficient on state tests don't yield that grade on the national tests.

There also are huge differences in where states set their benchmarks.

Massachusetts sets the proficiency score on its fourth-grade reading test just below the proficiency mark on the national test. But a fourth-grader in Mississippi can be rated proficient with a state test score that is more than 70 points lower. Proficiency is defined as working at the level expected for that grade.

The tests given by the states are used to judge schools under No Child Left Behind, the five-year-old education law that is up for renewal this year.

States pick their own tests and set their own achievement scores. When too few students in a school meet proficiency standards, that school typically faces consequences such as having to swap out principals or teachers. States that set high standards generally have fewer students labeled as proficient than states with low standards.

The national test, called the National Assessment of Educational Progress, is a rigorous exam given in a variety of subjects to students nationwide. It doesn't have consequences attached to it like those linked to the state tests. But it does offer a way to compare states to one another.

The study did not find a clear relationship between high standards in a state and high performance on the national test by students in that state.

For example, North Carolina and South Carolina students score about the same on the national tests, but South Carolina has higher state performance standards than its neighbor.

Susan Fuhrman, president of Columbia University's Teachers College, says educators have long known that solid standards aren't a silver bullet. "It's not enough to set standards and test achievement on them. There's a lot of other stuff that has to happen instructionally," she said.