Children and adults react very differently to tragedies such as the mass murder at Trolley Square — and parents must listen closely, be patient and not be afraid to seek professional help if the tragedy significantly interferes with their child's life, according to a local mental health professional.

Ruth Wilson, director of children's services at Valley Mental Health, said youngsters who see media reports or hear about the event from someone can be profoundly affected.

"Common reactions are sleep disturbances, bed wetting, not wanting to go to sleep, and feelings of guilt — for some reason, children personalize things and think it was something they did or are being punished for," Wilson said.

Other signs to watch for are episodes of acting out, pushing limits, clamming up entirely or possibly regressing.

"The first thing is to really listen to kids, to be supportive and reassuring, validating their feelings and reassuring that they're safe," Wilson said. "Don't try to protect your kids by not talking about it because the message you give is that it can be too scary for even an adult to face.

"Kids may need to hear over and over that they're OK and they're safe and they are not to blame," Wilson said. "We need to be patient."

Parents also should be consistent with discipline. Children who act out after a traumatic event are feeling insecure, and being inconsistent shows them their parents cannot be relied on.

If problems persist in a way that interferes with the child's regular life, then Wilson recommends getting professional help.

So how does a parent simultaneously validate feelings about a horrific situation where six people died of bullet wounds and also offer reassurances?

"If children are scared, it's real to them and it's true," Wilson said. "You could say something like, 'I hear you saying you are really afraid, it's understandable. Yes, it was a horrible thing.' Then you take it a step further and say, 'You're safe here tonight. What are some things we can do to help you feel safer? Can we leave a light on in the hall? Would you feel better if you wore your grungy jeans to school?"'

Wilson said some children might benefit by going with mom or dad to lock up the house and hearing the adult verbalize how the doors are locked and the dog would bark if anybody tried to get in.

"You can say, 'I know you're afraid. It's a really scary thing. How about if I lie down with you for five minutes, but you have to go to bed because there's school tomorrow?' You try to help them think of things to help them feel safer," Wilson said.