From Deseret News archives:
Yellowstone cutthroat in peril, study says
Native trout numbers have been dropping dramatically
The article in Fisheries, the magazine of the American Fisheries Society, cites a population decline of at least 60 percent in Yellowstone Lake, the fish's largest refuge.
While Yellowstone National Park's largest lake once held millions of members of the cutthroat trout subspecies, netting, testing and mathematical models suggest that "only a fraction of that population exists today," says the article written by aquatic specialists in the park.
In 1998, anglers caught an average of two cutthroats an hour in the lake. Last year, that number fell to 0.8 fish per hour.
The Park Service is dedicated to "the preservation and recovery" of the fish, the article says, yet "it appears to be in peril."
The news could have implications both inside and outside the park.
In the park, a wide variety of species, from otters to pelicans, from bald eagles to grizzly bears, rely on cutthroats as an important food.
Outside the park, environmental groups have been trying for years to have the Yellowstone cutthroat listed under the Endangered Species Act. If they succeed, it could change how people irrigate, manage cattle and harvest timber in parts of several states around the park.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the agency in charge of endangered species programs, has cited Yellowstone Lake's abundant population as one major reason not to list the fish. Environmentalists point to loss of habitat and cross breeding with non-native fish outside the park as a reason to list it.
"The park's doing everything it can," said Steve Kelly, a Bozeman environmentalist who has pushed for the trout's listing. "If they can't make it happen there, maybe they can't make it happen. Normally, the park is a stronghold for a species."
The cutthroats face major threats from non-native lake trout and from whirling disease, a European malady that infests the lake and some of its major spawning tributaries.
And lingering drought in recent years has left some tributaries so dry that by the end of summer, when tiny fish that hatch in the streams normally swim to the lake, they find themselves trapped in isolated pools and channels.
Lake trout were illegally introduced to the lake in the 1980s, the article says. After they were discovered in 1995, the Park Service began an aggressive gill netting program to try to reduce their numbers.
Lake trout, which feed voraciously on cutthroats, cannot fill the cutthroats' place in the food chain because they favor deep waters where they are unavailable to predators.
The nets have killed more than 100,000 lake trout, and technicians are growing increasingly skilled in their pursuit but "control" of the lake trout cannot yet be claimed, the article says.
