Russ Barkley: First, it's not your fault. As I noted above, the disorder is largely of genetic and neurological origins. So, give up the guilt. Second, while parents may not cause ADHD, they can determine just how impaired a child will be and whether that child goes on to also develop serious defiance or depression by how they deal with the child. Lax or abusive disciplining not only won't help but may contribute to additional problems.

Third, we know more about ADHD and its treatment today than at any time in history, so be thankful you weren't raising one of these kids 20-30 years ago.

Fourth, be careful what you learn from TV and the popular media, which often tend to sensationalize or scandalize stories about ADHD, medications or its causes.

Finally, realize that while you may not have gotten the perfect child you always wanted, these children can bring their own unique style and benefits to being a parent, not the least of which is that they challenge you to have to be a better, more proactive and more thoughtful parent than people who get easy-to-raise children. Rising to their challenge can be fulfilling in knowing that you are being tested as a parent and must meet challenges most parents don't have to face.

Deseret Morning News: What are the signs parents should be aware of that may indicate their child may have ADHD?

Russ Barkley: Serious problems with being overactive, restless, fidgety, distractible, unable to concentrate and highly impulsive beyond what you see in other children of the same age. Also, when other parents or teachers give you feedback that your child's behavior is different from others, take it seriously as it's often a sign your child does have real problems. Finally, if these behaviors result in your child being impaired in any major life activities (peers, family, school settings), it's a sign that this is more than just being an energetic child.

Deseret Morning News: What should parents do if they think their child has ADHD?

Russ Barkley: Of course, see your family physician assuming they are knowledgeable about ADHD. If not, find the nearest medical school and see a developmental pediatrician with special training in behavioral disorders.

Or, find a good child psychologist or psychiatrist, though most insurance plans want you to start with a primary care doctor first. If all else fails, see if there is a local CHADD group that you can contact for advice about professionals in the area who are good (www.CHADD.org is a good Web site for information).

Deseret Morning News: What about medications? Are there any new ones? What's on the horizon? How do they work? What is their effect?