A herculean effort to rescue six coal miners trapped deep inside the Crandall Canyon Mine in central Utah is focusing national attention on a downside of the nation's coal boom. As the industry gears up to extract record amounts of coal for growing U.S. energy needs, it's employing a growing cadre of workers in an inherently dangerous occupation.

Nowhere is this trend clearer than in Utah.

It has seen the fastest rise in coal-mining employment of any major coal-producing state. From 2002 to 2006, the number of miners has jumped from 1,525 to 1,994 — a 31 percent increase. A significant number of those workers appear to be Hispanic.

The effort to save the six workers at Crandall Canyon Mine is the latest in several high-profile attempts in the nation's mines in recent years, which underscore the risks of the occupation. Indeed, coal mining is one of the nation's 10 most dangerous industries: Last year, at a time when the overall worker fatality rate fell to a 15-year low, coal-mining fatalities more than doubled, according to a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics report released last week.

That increase was mostly due to the Sago mine accident and three other multiple-fatality incidents in 2006, in which 21 workers died. "The fatality rate for coal mining jumped 84 percent in 2006 to 49.5 fatalities per 100,000 workers, up from 26.8 in 2005," the report states.

Yet the demand for workers in the coal industry is likely to only increase. Many of this country's coal mines are gearing up to provide fuel for new power plants coming on line. According to a U.S. Department of Energy report last May, 151 new coal-fired plants are in the planning stages, representing a $145 billion investment — producing enough energy to service 90 million U.S. homes.

In fact, U.S. coal production is projected to increase an average of 1.5 percent per year through 2025, says the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

It comes down to America's growing appetite for electricity. "Basically, we are using more power," says Jason Hayes, communications director for the American Coal Council, a Washington coal-use advocacy group. "We all have our BlackBerrys, computers and other electronic gadgets, so everybody is using more energy. ... One of the cheapest, easiest forms of fuel we have is coal."

Currently, Hayes says, coal provides 52 percent of this country's energy — a proportion likely to grow.

And one fertile ground for coal-mining ventures is Utah, where the industry has upgraded mechanization in the past 20 years. The state's richest seam of coal swings in the shape of a canted L from Colorado westward, under the Wasatch Plateau, then dropping down south into Emery County — the area in which the Crandall Canyon Mine is situated.